The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the premier space agency of India. Established in 1969, ISRO has played a crucial role in advancing India's space capabilities. It is responsible for the design, development, and launch of satellites, as well as conducting space missions and space exploration. ISRO has achieved several significant milestones, including the successful launch of the Chandrayaan lunar missions and the Mars Orbiter Mission. It has also developed its own launch vehicles, such as the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), enabling India to become a self-reliant player in the global space industry. ISRO continues to make remarkable contributions in satellite technology, remote sensing, communication, and scientific research, furthering India's presence in space exploration.
Chandrayaan 1
Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar mission launched by ISRO in 2008. It successfully orbited the Moon and conducted various scientific experiments, including mapping the lunar surface, detecting water molecules, and studying the Moon's geology. The mission provided valuable data and paved the way for future lunar exploration endeavors.
Chandrayaan 2
Chandrayaan-2 was India's ambitious lunar mission launched by ISRO in 2019. It consisted of an orbiter, a lander named Vikram, and a rover named Pragyan. The primary objective was to soft-land on the lunar south pole region, a feat never achieved before. However, during the landing phase, communication with the lander was lost, and it couldn't successfully land. Nevertheless, the orbiter component remains operational and continues to provide valuable data about the Moon. Chandrayaan-2 aimed to further study the lunar surface, analyze the presence of water ice, and conduct experiments to enhance our understanding of the Moon's geology. The mission showcased India's technological prowess and commitment to space exploration.
Why Chandrayaan-2 was Unsuccessful
Chandrayaan-2's Vikram lander encountered an unfortunate outcome and was deemed unsuccessful due to a deviation in its planned trajectory during the final stages of descent. As the lander descended towards the lunar surface, contact with the ground control center was lost at an altitude of around 2.1 kilometers. The exact cause of the anomaly leading to the unsuccessful landing has not been officially disclosed by ISRO. However, experts speculate that it may have been due to a failure in the lander's braking system or a deviation in the trajectory. Despite the setback, the orbiter component of Chandrayaan-2 remains functional, continuing to gather valuable scientific data and contributing to our understanding of the Moon. The mission's orbiter accomplishments still highlight India's technological prowess and progress in lunar exploration.
Chandrayaan 3
This is India's 3rd lunar mission. After the failure of Chandrayaan -2 India's space agency ISRO accepted it as a challenge and within 4 years they are ready to launch a new Lunar Mission on 14th of July from Satish Dhawan Space Centre Sare ,Sriharikota . This project costs approximately 610 crores .It consists of lander and rover.The lander will be landed on south pole of the moon .This time the lander has been designed so that it can deploy the rover to any specified location.
Along with this, a number of sensors has been assembled for secure landing and cameras to protect it from danger. The rover is of rectangular shape and having six wheel ,additionally, it consists of a navigation camera which collect all the information and communicate to the Lander which further communicate with IDSN which is a set of large antennas and communication facilities of ISRO
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